A formatted document containing comprehensive information about a substance or mixture for use in workplace chemical control regulatory frameworks by employers and workers. Target audiences include transporters, emergency responders (including poison centers) and consumers. Typically printed and found in immediate adjacency to the substance or mixture to promote workplace safety. See Appendix XX the Safety Data Sheet format for the United States. Formerly known as Material safety data sheet. Source: United Nations GHS
Glossary - S
This is a glossary of older terms. While many of the definitions are unchanged, some of the definitions may be out of date and some of the terms may no longer be in use in the Data Center industry. This legacy glossary provides definitions for hundreds of information and communications technology (ICT) and data center terms and acronyms. Arranged alphabetically and searchable, the glossary explains common industry vocabulary.
Safety Data Sheet
SCHX
Script
A file that contains a sequence of instructions for an interpreter or the script for that interpreter to follow
SDRAM
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory. Source: ASHRAE
SDS
Safety Data Sheet. Source: United Nations GHS
SEC
United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Source: PwC
Second(s)
The SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the cesium frequency ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the cesium 133 atom, to be 9 192 631 770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s-1. Source: BIPM
Semiconductor
A material that is neither a good conductor of electricity nor a good insulator. The most common semiconductor materials are silicon, gallium arsenide, and germanium. These materials are then doped to create an excess or lack of electrons and used to build computer chips
Sensible Heat Load
See heat load, sensible
Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)
Ratio of the sensible heat load to the total heat load (sensible plus latent)
Server
An item specifically designed to function as a node on a computer network and provides service to terminals on the network through managing an expansive shared resource. Includes file server which manages a set of disks and provide storage and archival services to computers on the network that may or may not have their own disks, printer server which provides high quality and/or high-speed printing so that each terminal on the network need not have its own printer, and/or communications server which provides connection to various communication media including other LANs and/or public networks. Excludes: PROCESSOR, FILE SERVER. [ FIIG=A23900;INC=53149 || DLIS || ISO 22745-11 Source: eOTD ECCMA Open Technical Dictionary is an ISO 22745 compliant dictionary managed by ECCMA
Server
A computer that provides some service for other computers connected to it via a network. The most common example is a file server, which has a local disk and services requests from remote clients to read and write files on that disk
Server, Air_cooled
An air-cooled server that accepts only room air
Server, Air- and Liquid-cooled
Server that requires both air and liquid provided by the building
Server, Liquid-cooled
A liquid-cooled server that accepts conditioned coolant
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
A contract between a network service provider and a customer that specifies, usually in measurable terms, what services the network service provider will furnish
SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride, an EPA targeted greenhouse gas. Source: Unites States Environmental Protection Agency
SFS93
Known as SPEC SFS, SFS93 is the NFS server benchmark which evolved from LADDIS
SFS97
SPEC SFS97 is the NFS server benchmark which replaced SFS93
SFS97_R1
SFS97_R1 is version 3 of the NFS benchmark, replacing the SFS97 suite
Shell
A UNIX term for a command interpreter and its environment. Typically a program that supports the interpretation and execution of commands
Shielded Twisted-pair (STP) Cable
An electrically conducting cable, comprising one or more elements, each of which is individually shielded. There may be an overall shield, in which case the cable is referred to as shielded twisted-pair cable with an overall shield (from ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). Specifically for IEEE 802.3 100BASE-TX, 150 O balanced inside cable with performance characteristics specified to 100 MHz (i.e., performance to Class D link standards as per ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). In addition to the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE Std 802.3, Clause 23 and Clause 25, provide additional performance requirements for 100BASE-T operation over STP
SHR
Sensible heat ratio
SI
Système international d’unités/International System of Units. Source: BIPM
Signal Word
A word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label. The GHS uses "Danger" and "Warning" as signal words. Source: United Nations GHS
Simplex Fiber Optic Link Segment
A single fiber path between two medium attachment units (MAUs) or PHYs, including the terminating connectors, consisting of one or more fibers joined serially with appropriate connection devices, i.e., patch cables and wall plates (see IEEE 802.3, Clause 15)
Single Phase
A classification type of data center cooling for high heat density liquid cooling of data center equipment. Uses indirect liquid cooling with a cold plate. Source: NVIDIA
Single Precision
A level of floating point accuracy that usually requires half the space for each value than does double precision, but provides considerably less precision. For most systems running the SPEC CPU tests from the OSG (e.g., CPU95), single precision implies a 32-bit value
Single-point Failure
Any component that has the capability of causing failure of a system or a portion of a system if it becomes inoperable
SKU
Stock keeping unit. Units within the same family of processors with differing attributes such as frequency, number of cores, wattage, and case temperature limits. Source: ASHRAE
SLA
Service level agreement
SLA
Service level agreements. Source: ASHRAE
SMF
Single-mode fiber
SNR
Signal-to-noise ratio
Solar Energy
Radiant energy emitted by the sun. Source: Oxford Languages
Solid
A substance or mixture which does not meet the definitions of liquid or a gas. Source: United Nations GHS
Sound Transmission Class (STC)
This is an acoustical rating for the reduction in sound of an assembly. It is typically used to denote the sound attenuation properties of building elements, such as walls, floors, and ceilings. The higher the STC, the better the sound-reducing performance of the element
Source Code
The human readable form of a computer program. This is typically the form in which the program is written, read, and modified by its human author(s)
SPEC95
A common (mis)name for the CPU95 benchmarks. Also, SPEC89 implies CPU89, SPEC92 should be CPU92, and SPEC2000 is CPU2000
SPECchem96
Official name of the Gamess application of SPEChpc96, an application representative of computations used by the chemical industry
SPEChpc96
The first benchmark suite released by SPEC/HPG, and it includes the two applications Seismic and Gamess
SPECjvm98
SPECjvm98 is the current Java Virtual Machine benchmark suite from SPEC
SPECmark
SPECmarks were the metrics for SPEC's original CPU89 benchmarks. Now, the term is often used to refer collectively to the CPU95 ratio speed metrics
SPECrate
A throughput metric based on the SPEC CPU benchmarks, such as SPEC CPU95. This metric measures a system's capacity for processing jobs of a specified type in a given amount of time. The metric is used the same for multi-processor systems and for uniprocessors. It is not necessarily a measure of how fast a processor might be, but rather a measure of how much work the one or more processors can accomplish. SPECrates are one style of metric from the SPEC CPU benchmarks, the other are SPECratios
SPECratio
A measure of how fast a given system might be. It is calculated by taking the elapsed time that was measured for a system to complete a specified job and dividing that into the reference time (the elapsed time that job took on a standardized reference machine). This measures how quickly, or more specifically, how many times faster than a particular reference machine, one system can perform a specified task. SPECratios are one style of metric from the SPEC CPU benchmarks, the other are SPECrates
SPECseis96
Official name of the Seismic application of SPEChpc96. It is an application representative of computations used by the seismic industry
SPECweb2005
SPECweb2005 is a standardized performance test for WWW servers, the successor to SPECweb99 and SPECweb99_SSL. The benchmark consists of different workloads (both SSL and non-SSL), such as banking and e-commerce, and writes dynamic content in scripting languages to more closely model real-world deployments. The web server also communicates with a lightweight backend to simulate an application/database server
SPECweb96
SPECweb96 is SPEC's first attempt at a benchmark for WWW servers. It measures a server's ability to handle HTTP/1.0 GET requests from a number of external client drivers
SPECweb99
SPECweb99 is one of the current web server benchmarks, which replaced the SPECweb96 product
Spillage
Volume of fluid present upon disconnection of fluid coupling pairs. Amount will vary depending on the type of shutoff integral to the connectors. Common fluid coupling embodiments may include poppet or flush-face valve types with flush-face generating the lesser amount of spillage. A flush-face connector may also be referred to as a no spill or dripless coupling, where the mating surface may only be minimally wetted on disconnection. Fluid coupling spillage is often a function of system pressure and flow rate on disconnection. Source: ASHRAE
Sponsor
For the OSG, the entity that has accepted the license agreement. In other words, the people who are responsible for ensuring that the results were obtained in accordance with any existing run and reporting rules. For the HPG, See benchmark sponsor who is a technical advisor for a particular benchmark
Spray Cooling
A classification type of data center cooling for high heat density liquid cooling of data center equipment. Uses direct liquid cooling through immersion or spray. Source: NVIDIA
Spray/Jet Cooling
A classification type of data center cooling. Source: NVIDIA
Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)
An organization of computer industry vendors dedicated to developing standardized benchmarks and publishing reviewed results
Static RAM (SRAM)
Random access memory (RAM) that retains data bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied. SRAM provides faster access to data and is typically used for a computer's cache memory
Static UPS
See UPS, static
Steering Committee
Part of the SPEC bureaucracy. Each free-standing group within SPEC has a steering committee that acts as the key decision-making body with full membership votes typically being reserved for benchmark ratifications and elections
Stranded Assets
Assets exposed to devaluations or conversion to ‘liabilities’ because of unanticipated changes in their initially expected revenues due to innovations and/or evolutions of the business context, including changes in public regulations at the domestic and international levels. Source: IPCC
Substance
Chemical elements and their compounds in the natural state or obtained by any production process, including any additive necessary to preserve the stability of the product and any impurities derived from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition. Source: United Nations GHS
Substation
A set of equipment reducing the high voltage of electrical power transmission to that suitable for supply to consumers. Source: Oxford Languages
Supplemental label element
Any additional non-harmonized type of information supplied on the container of a hazardous product that is not required or specific under the GHS. In some cases, this information may be required by other competent authorities, or it may be additional information provided at the discretion of the manufacturer/distributor. Source: United Nations GHS
Supply Air
See air, supply
Sustainability (in context of Data Centers only for this model)
Data centers are subject to an expanding set of largely voluntary sustainability standards and requirements covering measurement and reporting, water and energy use, renewable energy procurement, equipment and system efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions management, adherence to a circular economy approach, and siting and design requirements. Investors and customers will increasingly use these standards to make investment and purchasing decisions. Legislators and regulators will use them as the basis of mandates governing the sustainability of operations and periodic sustainability reporting. Data Center operators will need to meet the requirements of many of these standards. Source: Uptime Institute
Sustainability Manager
A stakeholder in the decision to invest, divest, use, source liquid cooled data center environments. Source: United States Department of Energy CoE
Switch
A layer 2 interconnection device that conforms to the ISO/IEC 10038 [ANSI/IEEE 802.1D-1998]
Switchgear
Combination of electrical disconnects and/or circuit breakers meant to isolate equipment in or near an electrical substation
Symbol
A graphical element intended to succinctly convey information. Source: United Nations GHS
Symbol Rate (SR)
Within IEEE 802.3, the total number of symbols per second transferred to or from the medium dependent interface (MDI) on a single wire pair. For 100BASE-T4, the symbol rate is 25 MBd. For 100BASE-X, the symbol rate is 125 MBd. For 100BASE-T2, the symbol rate is 25 MBd. For 1000BASE-T, the symbol rate is 125 MBd
System Under Test (SUT)
The system being tested, as distinct from anything in the testbed being used to drive the test
System, Air Cooled
Conditioned air is supplied to the inlets of the rack/cabinet for convective cooling of the heat rejected by the components of the electronic equipment within the rack. It is understood that within the rack, the transport of heat from the actual source component (e.g., CPU) within the rack itself can be either liquid- or air-based, but the heat rejection media from the rack to the terminal cooling device outside of the rack is air